Just out 5 August 2025
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Circular economy: a strategic driver for more sustainable food systems

Peanut roaster powered by burning peanut shells at the SME Kadior Céréales, Senegal © BioStar
There is now a clear scientific consensus: we must fundamentally transform our food systems to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and synthetic chemicals, improve overall health and ensure a fairer distribution of added value. For ºÚÁÏÍø911, the concept of the circular economy is emerging as a necessity in the face of finite natural, mineral and fossil resources. This position is outlined in a new paper exploring the circular economy as a driver of food system transformation.
The circular economy, a means, not an end
Far from being just a buzzword, the circular economy is approached as a practical tool to address environmental, logistical and socio-economic challenges. It provides a way to optimise resource use, reduce losses, and make use of waste and by-products locally.
The authors stress the importance of a contextualised approach: circularity cannot be applied the same way everywhere – it needs to be designed in the right place, with the right stakeholders, and for the right impact. In this context, the territory becomes the natural scale for action.
Three key objectives to guide action
ºÚÁÏÍø911 identifies three major objectives to improve the efficiency of food systems:
- Reducing inputs: to limit reliance on external resources;
- Minimising losses: to reduce environmental impacts and make use of waste;
- Increasing productivity: to improve food autonomy.
These objectives guide ºÚÁÏÍø911’s initiatives in a range of contexts, in collaboration with local stakeholders.
Specific examples in the field
The paper presents several case studies emblematic of ºÚÁÏÍø911’s work:
- In West Africa, the energy recovery of agro-processing residues enables rural SMEs to produce their own energy from cashew shells or shea sludge.
- In Réunion, an inventory of agricultural and urban biomass was used to design scenarios to reduce reliance on imported inputs, involving stakeholders in the territory.
- In Hanoi (Vietnam) and Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), maintaining circular urban agriculture based on food waste is being studied as a driver of resilience in the face of urbanisation.
- In Maradi (Niger) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), ºÚÁÏÍø911 is exploring the creation of city-region food systems, which improve linkages between agricultural hinterlands and cities, in particular through urban nutrient recycling.
Research geared towards transformation
ºÚÁÏÍø911 argues that circularity must prepare for or support systemic shifts, rather than just delivering efficiency gains. This means integrating the political economy of food systems, strengthening collective innovation dynamics and reinforcing scientific interdisciplinarity.
Two priority areas will guide future research:
- Exploring how much flexibility exists within the institutional and economic rules that shape food systems;
- Strengthening participatory methods to ensure lasting uptake of circular solutions co-developed with local stakeholders.
An active contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals
By positioning the circular economy as a means of action for food sustainability, ºÚÁÏÍø911 is contributing to the transition of agricultural and food systems in the Global South. This work is fully aligned with the objectives of ensuring food security, promoting social justice and reducing the environmental footprint of our food.